The challenge of "triple-transformation": A cross regional analysis of social, economic and political development in Latin America and Southern Europe

This thesis argues that the Southern European countries of Greece, Portugal, and Spain have achieved a superior performance to the Latin American countries of Brazil, Chile and Mexico in terms of political, social, and economic development. The author presents data that demonstrates a higher level of democratic consolidation, socioeconomic development and economic performance in the Southern European cases. The first explanatory factor put forward for Southern Europe's superior achievement is international influence. In contrast with the U.S.-Latin American relationship, the relationship between the European Community and Southern Europe promoted development. The second explanatory factor is political leadership. While Leaders in the Latin American cases have prioritized market reforms over democratic consolidation, post-transition leaders in Southern Europe concentrated first on democratic and social development, then engaged in consistent economic restructuring.