The Flag Salute Cases: A Case Study of the Guarantees of Religious Freedom in the Federal Constitution as Judicially Interpreted in the United States

Carleton Nicholls, Jr., was an eight year old boy attending one of the public schools of Lynn, Massachusetts, when he refused to salute the flag of the United States. This was in September 1935 and each time that the teacher called upon the class to stand and recite the pledge of allegiance, he remained silently seated at his desk.