Sodium channel inhibition and general peripheral action in cocaine-induced conditioned taste aversion

While the rewarding properties of cocaine appear to be mediated by its blockade of central monoamine uptake, the mechanisms and sites of action for its aversive effects have yet to be determined. Using the conditioned taste aversion (CTA) preparation, the present study examined the role of sodium (Na+) channel blockade in cocaine's aversive effects by comparing cocaine to the local anesthetic procaine at three doses (18, 32 and 50 mg/kg). The role of cocaine's peripheral actions in its aversive effects was examined by comparing cocaine to the quaternary analog cocaine methiodide (equimolar to the three doses of cocaine) in establishing CTAs. Procaine and cocaine methiodide each dose-dependently suppressed saccharin consumption, indicating that the aversive effects of cocaine are, in part, mediated by its inhibition of Na+ channels and via its activity in the PNS. However, the fact that the aversions induced by procaine and cocaine methiodide were weaker than those induced by cocaine at each dose tested suggests other factors are involved in cocaine's aversive effects. Possible reasons for the weaker aversions induced by procaine and cocaine methiodide relative to cocaine were discussed.