Exploring alliances between zoos and schools

Formal and free-choice learning environments both strive to fulfill educational missions. Although historically seen as distinct entities, these agencies have become more similar in pedagogical structure as a result of advances in cognitive learning theory, specifically constructivism. Constructivist learning theory supports free-choice learning within a formal instructional setting. Whereas schools lack access to resources for facilitating such learning, free-choice learning institutions lack continuity of interaction between students and educators. By joining forces in long-term, collaborative alliances, these institutions can better serve their audiences. Zoos and schools, in particular, can benefit from partnering with one another. Interviews with program leaders at five existing zoo-school programs in the United States reveal several key characteristics to successful alliances between these institutions. These case studies offer ideas for the development of future zoo-schools and for the implementation of national zoo-school standards.