The views expressed in the HH Sheikh Nasser al-Mohammad al-Sabah Publication Series are those of theauthor(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of theSchool or of Durham University. These wide ranging Research Working Papers are products of thescholarship under the auspices of the al-Sabah Programme and are disseminated in this early form to encourage debate on the important academic and policy issues of our time. Copyright belongs to the Author(s). Bibliographical references to the HH Sheikh Nasser al- Mohammad al-Sabah Publication Seriesshould be as follows: Author(s), Paper Title (Durham,UK: al-Sabah Number, date).