An ever-growing collection of gleaming skyscrapers stands opulent, proud, and aspirational among the hazy, vast expanse of the Arabian Desert as they welcome you to the Saudi capital. Similar visages are found across the major cities of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) member states: Saudi Arabia, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, Bahrain, and Kuwait. These skyscrapers stand in stark contrast to the Arabian Peninsula of yesteryear, before oil wealth catapulted these fishing communities and Bedouin nomads into an age of prosperity.